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Screening for cardiac contractile dysfunction using an artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiogram.

Zachi I Attia1, Suraj Kapa1, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez1

  • 1Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

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|January 9, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to electrocardiograms (ECGs) can now screen for asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (ALVD). This AI-ECG tool identifies patients needing further evaluation, improving early detection of heart conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (ALVD) affects 3-6% of the population, impacting quality of life and longevity.
  • Current screening for ALVD is lacking inexpensive, noninvasive, and accessible tools for routine clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) applied to electrocardiograms (ECGs) as a screening tool for ALVD.
  • To develop and validate an AI model capable of identifying ALVD using ECG data alone.

Main Methods:

  • A convolutional neural network was trained using paired ECG and echocardiogram data from 44,959 patients.
  • The AI model identified patients with ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35%) based solely on ECG data.
  • The model's performance was validated on an independent cohort of 52,870 patients.

Main Results:

  • The AI model achieved an area under the curve of 0.93, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy all at 85.7%.
  • In asymptomatic individuals without current ventricular dysfunction, a positive AI screen indicated a 4-fold increased risk of developing future ALVD.
  • The AI model demonstrated high accuracy in identifying ALVD from ECGs.

Conclusions:

  • AI analysis of ECGs can serve as a powerful, low-cost screening tool for ALVD in asymptomatic individuals.
  • This approach enables early identification of patients at risk for or with ALVD, facilitating timely intervention.
  • The integration of AI with ubiquitous ECG technology offers a significant advancement in cardiovascular screening.