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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands01:29

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Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. On the other hand, multicellular exocrine glands develop as secretory sheets, like the internal lining of the abdomen or chest. Such secretory sheets release their secretions directly into the lumen of these organs. In addition, some multicellular glands have deep-seated secretory units to...
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The Pituitary Gland01:17

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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The Pineal Gland01:02

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The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
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The Mammary Glands01:12

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The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Feasibility of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Gland Localization Using [18F]fluciclovine PET/CT.

Akinyemi A Akintayo1, O A Abiodun-Ojo2, C Weber3

  • 1Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA. aakint2@emory.edu.

Molecular Imaging and Biology
|January 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anti-1-amino-3-anti-1-amino-3-[18F]fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid ([18F]fluciclovine) PET/CT can detect hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands early. However, Technetium-99m 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile ([99mTc]sestamibi) SPECT/CT offers better gland conspicuity and is more promising for diagnosis.

Keywords:
Hyperfunctioning parathyroid glandPET/CTSPECT/CT[18F]fluciclovine[99mTc]sestamibi

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Radiopharmacology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hyperparathyroidism diagnosis relies on accurate localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands.
  • Conventional imaging techniques have limitations in precisely identifying these glands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of [18F]fluciclovine PET/CT with [99mTc]sestamibi SPECT/CT for localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands.

Main Methods:

  • Four patients with hyperparathyroidism underwent sequential neck and thorax PET/CT after [18F]fluciclovine injection.
  • Lesion uptake and target-to-background ratios (TBR) were compared with [99mTc]sestamibi SPECT/CT in the same patients.

Main Results:

  • Both imaging modalities detected 4 out of 5 hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands.
  • [99mTc]sestamibi demonstrated significantly higher TBRs compared to [18F]fluciclovine, indicating better gland conspicuity.
  • [18F]fluciclovine showed rapid washout with highest uptake and TBRs at 5-9 minutes post-injection.

Conclusions:

  • [18F]fluciclovine PET/CT can detect hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in early imaging.
  • [99mTc]sestamibi SPECT/CT provides superior target-to-background ratios for parathyroid gland localization.
  • [18F]fluciclovine PET/CT may not be as promising as [99mTc]sestamibi SPECT/CT for this specific diagnostic application.