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Physical Activity Increases White Matter Microstructure in Children.

Laura Chaddock-Heyman1, Kirk I Erickson2, Caitlin Kienzler3

  • 1Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|January 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical activity programs can enhance white matter microstructure in children. The FITKids2 program improved brain structure in the corpus callosum, suggesting benefits for cognitive function and behavior.

Keywords:
brain devechildrendiffusion tensor imagingphysical activitywhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Health
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Childhood inactivity, obesity, and poor fitness are growing concerns.
  • Limited causal evidence exists on physical activity's impact on children's brain health.
  • White matter integrity is crucial for cognitive and behavioral development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of an after-school physical activity program on white matter microstructure in children.
  • To examine changes in specific white matter tracts, particularly the corpus callosum.

Main Methods:

  • A 9-month randomized controlled trial involving 143 children aged 7-9 years.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to measure white matter microstructural properties.
  • Participants were assigned to either a physical activity program (FITKids2) or a wait-list control group.

Main Results:

  • Children in the physical activity group showed increased white matter microstructure in the genu of the corpus callosum.
  • Significant increases in fractional anisotropy (FA) and decreases in radial diffusivity (RD) were observed.
  • These changes suggest more compact, tightly bundled, and potentially better-myelinated fibers.

Conclusions:

  • After-school physical activity positively impacts white matter microstructure in school-aged children.
  • Improvements in the corpus callosum may support enhanced cognitive and behavioral functions.
  • Findings underscore the importance of physical activity for optimal brain development in childhood.