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A Practical Quality Control Method for Saponins Without UV Absorption by UPLC-QDA.

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|January 9, 2019
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Summary

A new UPLC-QDA method significantly reduces sample preparation time for analyzing astragaloside IV (AG IV) in Astragali radix (AR). This rapid technique enhances quality control for saponin-containing herbal medicines.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacognosy
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Quality Control

Background:

  • Saponins are vital active compounds in herbal medicines.
  • Quality control of saponin-rich herbs like Astragali radix (AR) is challenging.
  • Existing methods for astragaloside IV (AG IV) lack sensitivity and require extensive sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a practical and comprehensive method for quality control of astragalosides in AR.
  • To overcome limitations of current evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) methods.
  • To establish a rapid and sensitive analytical technique for saponin analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simplified sample preparation involving sonication extraction and ammonia hydrolysis.
  • Established a Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Diode Array (UPLC-QDA) method with Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode.
  • Utilized UPLC-QDA for simultaneous fingerprinting analysis and quantification of AG IV.

Main Results:

  • Reduced sample preparation time from approximately 2 days to under 2 hours.
  • Achieved sample preparation for a set of samples in less than 90 minutes.
  • The UPLC-QDA method enabled simultaneous detection of saponins and flavonoids in AR.

Conclusions:

  • The developed UPLC-QDA method is simple, rapid, and comprehensive for AR quality assessment.
  • This method is suitable for industrial quality control of AR and its products.
  • Provides a valuable reference for quality control of other UV-non-absorbing saponin ingredients.