Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

2.1K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
2.1K
Relationship Formation02:12

Relationship Formation

46.2K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
46.2K
Ending Relationships01:28

Ending Relationships

188
The dissolution of intimate relationships presents complex emotional and psychological challenges, particularly when emotional bonds are strong, the relationship is long-standing, and perceived alternatives are limited. This distress often intensifies in romantic breakups, where the initiator may experience greater turmoil than the rejected partner. Contributing factors include residual attachment, guilt over causing pain, and uncertainty about how to manage the situation. The stress is further...
188
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.3K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.3K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

866
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
866
Relationship Growth01:27

Relationship Growth

218
Interpersonal relationships progress through stages, beginning with awareness and moving toward mutuality, where emotional connections deepen. While many relationships remain at moderate levels of mutuality, deeper connections form through self-disclosure, trust, and interdependence.Self-DisclosureSelf-disclosure involves revealing personal information, starting with surface-level details and gradually progressing to more intimate content. As trust grows, individuals feel more comfortable...
218

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychometric Properties of the COVID-19 Stress Scale in College Students.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

The relationship between neural processing efficiency during inter-hemispheric transfer, alcohol consumption, and sleep quality in college students: an ERP study.

Journal of American college health : J of ACH·2024
Same author

Regulatory Fit: Impact on Anxiety, Arousal, and Performance in College-Level Soccer Players.

International journal of exercise science·2020
Same author

Passion for Exercise: Passion's Relationship to General Fitness Indicators and Exercise Addiction.

International journal of exercise science·2019
Same author

Posttraumatic growth following cancer: The influence of emotional intelligence, management of intrusive rumination, and goal disengagement as mediated by deliberate rumination.

Journal of psychosocial oncology·2019
Same author

Exploring the Relationship Between Athletic Identity and Beliefs About Rehabilitation Overadherence in College Athletes.

Journal of sport rehabilitation·2016
Same journal

Characterizing facilitators and barriers to Hypoglycemic Confidence among patients with diabetes: a qualitative descriptive study.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Psychometric evaluation and refinement of the 7DHW questionnaire for the German population.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Editorial: Ethical leadership and workplace equity: mediating and moderating mechanisms in emotional labor and well-being.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

How organizational support promotes teacher professional recognition: a perspective on teachers' autonomous learning and teaching abilities.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

From "performance competition arena" to "psychological exemption zone": psychological safety mechanisms in reverse mobility.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

General and sport-specific mental toughness in university students: associations with personality traits and physical activity.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.4K

Visuospatial Working Memory Mediates the Relationship Between Executive Functioning and Spatial Ability.

Lu Wang1, Jocelyn Bolin1, Zhenqiu Lu2

  • 1Department of Educational Psychology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The way executive functions (EF) are measured significantly impacts their relationship with visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and mental rotation. Test characteristics, not just EF itself, influence spatial ability links.

Keywords:
dominance analysisexecutive functioning (EF)mediation analysismental rotationverbal working memory (VWM)visuospatial working memory (VSWM)

More Related Videos

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles
08:44

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Published on: January 3, 2017

8.0K
Analysis of Learning and Memory Ability in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model using the Morris Water Maze
07:07

Analysis of Learning and Memory Ability in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model using the Morris Water Maze

Published on: October 29, 2019

20.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.4K
Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles
08:44

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Published on: January 3, 2017

8.0K
Analysis of Learning and Memory Ability in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model using the Morris Water Maze
07:07

Analysis of Learning and Memory Ability in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model using the Morris Water Maze

Published on: October 29, 2019

20.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Executive functions (EF) are crucial for cognitive control.
  • Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and verbal working memory (VWM) are key components of working memory.
  • Spatial ability, particularly mental rotation, is often linked to EF and working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mediation pathways among EF, VSWM, VWM, and mental rotation.
  • To examine how the secondary demands of EF tests (spatial vs. verbal) influence these relationships.
  • To determine the relative predictive importance of EF, VSWM, and VWM for mental rotation.

Main Methods:

  • Mediation analysis was used to test the relationships between constructs.
  • EF was measured using the Tower test (spatial secondary demand) and the Color-Interference Test (verbal secondary demand).
  • Dominance analysis assessed the relative importance of predictors for mental rotation.

Main Results:

  • VSWM significantly mediated the EF-mental rotation link only when EF was measured with a spatial secondary demand (Tower test).
  • This mediation effect disappeared when EF was measured with a verbal secondary demand (Color-Interference Test).
  • VSWM was a stronger predictor of mental rotation than VWM, and the Tower test was a stronger predictor than the Color-Interference Test.

Conclusions:

  • The specific EF test used significantly affects the observed relationship between EF, VSWM, and spatial ability.
  • Findings highlight the substantial 'test effect,' suggesting caution in interpreting prior research linking EF and spatial skills.
  • VSWM plays a more critical role than VWM in explaining individual differences in mental rotation.