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Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
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Measuring Optimal Reading Experiences: The Reading Flow Short Scale.

Birte A K Thissen1, Winfried Menninghaus1, Wolff Schlotz2,3

  • 1Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed the Reading Flow Short Scale (RFSS) to measure reading pleasure. This new tool effectively assesses flow states during fiction reading, enhancing understanding of reader engagement.

Keywords:
Reading Flow Short Scalefiction readingflowreading pleasurevalidity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Literature Studies
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Flow theory, originally applied to activities like gaming, offers insights into optimal experiences.
  • Understanding reading pleasure requires specific measurement tools beyond general engagement metrics.
  • Previous research lacked a dedicated instrument to quantify flow states during fiction reading.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the Reading Flow Short Scale (RFSS), a novel instrument for measuring flow in fiction readers.
  • To examine the psychometric properties of the RFSS, including its factorial structure, reliability, and construct validity.
  • To differentiate flow states from other narrative engagement constructs in the context of reading.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of the Reading Flow Short Scale (RFSS) to 229 participants.
  • Online survey administered after a 20-minute reading session of self-selected novels.
  • Systematic analysis of psychometric properties using confirmatory factor analysis.

Main Results:

  • The RFSS demonstrated a robust two-factor structure.
  • Positive correlations were found between RFSS scores and measures of reading pleasure and general flow.
  • An inverted U-shaped relationship emerged between perceived reader skill-text challenge fit and flow states.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the RFSS distinctly measures flow, separate from presence, identification, suspense, and cognitive mastery.

Conclusions:

  • The Reading Flow Short Scale (RFSS) is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing flow states in fiction reading.
  • The RFSS contributes a valuable tool to reading research, enabling more precise measurement of reader engagement and pleasure.
  • Findings support the applicability of flow theory to the domain of immersive fiction reading.