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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task
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Searching for Judgment Biases Among Elite Basketball Referees.

Elia Morgulev1,2, Ofer H Azar3,4, Ronnie Lidor1

  • 1The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel.

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|January 9, 2019
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Referees are less biased than expected when calling offensive fouls in basketball. Studies show they do not favor home teams or star players, suggesting training can further reduce bias.

Keywords:
basketballbiasesdecision makingjudgmentsport referees

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Sports Psychology
  • Basketball Officiating

Background:

  • Offensive foul calls in basketball are complex and time-sensitive.
  • Referees may be susceptible to systematic biases in these situations.
  • Previous research indicates potential biases in other sports officiating.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential systematic biases in basketball referees' offensive foul calls.
  • To analyze referee decisions in collision incidents where defenders fall.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 250 collision instances in basketball games.
  • Focus on situations where a defender fell after contact with an offensive player.
  • Examination for biases related to home team, player reputation, or player size differences.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of bias favoring home teams, star players, or high-reputation teams.
  • No evidence of bias based on player size differences (larger players tackling smaller ones).
  • The identified potential biases were not robust and context-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Basketball referees demonstrated a lack of significant systematic bias in the analyzed offensive foul situations.
  • Contextual factors and potential biases appear less influential than previously assumed.
  • Enhanced referee training and awareness can further mitigate any remaining biases.