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Published on: August 21, 2017
White Matter Network Disruption and Cognitive Dysfunction in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Eun Bin Cho1, Cheol E Han2,3, Sang Won Seo4,5
1Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is linked to white matter (WM) network disruptions, impacting cognitive functions like attention and executive function. These connectivity changes are associated with poorer cognitive performance in NMOSD patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neuroimmunology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) frequently involves brain lesions and cognitive impairment.
- White matter (WM) alterations are common in NMOSD, potentially underlying cognitive deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate white matter (WM) connectivity alterations in NMOSD using graph theory.
- To explore the relationship between WM network characteristics and cognitive dysfunction in NMOSD patients.
Main Methods:
- Diffusion tensor imaging and graph theory were used to analyze WM structural connectivity in 14 NMOSD patients and 21 healthy controls.
- Network-based statistics identified differences in WM networks between groups.
- Correlations between network topology and cognitive test performance were examined.
Main Results:
- NMOSD patients exhibited reduced overall brain network strength and two disrupted subnetworks with distinct hub node distributions.
- Cognitive deficits in attention, processing speed, visuospatial processing, and executive function were observed in NMOSD patients.
- Impaired cognitive performance correlated with decreased nodal clustering, local efficiency, and regional efficiency in affected subnetworks (p < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- The study demonstrates widespread WM disruption and its association with cognitive impairment in NMOSD.
- Dysconnectivity within WM networks, potentially including the default mode network, is implicated in NMOSD-related cognitive dysfunction.
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