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Related Concept Videos

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

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The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
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When dealing with a cable that is fixed to two supports and subjected to uniform loading, it is crucial to determine the maximum tension in the cable. This process can be broken down into several key steps, as outlined below:
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Cable Subjected to Its Own Weight01:13

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Overhead power transmission lines rely on cables to carry electricity across large distances. To ensure the stability and functionality of these lines, it is crucial to understand the shape and tension experienced by the cables under the influence of their weight.
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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Flexible cables are commonly used in various applications for support and load transmission. Consider a cable fixed at two points and subjected to multiple vertically concentrated loads. Determine the shape of the cable and the tension in each portion of the cable, given the horizontal distances between the loads and supports.
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Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii
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The Cell Envelope Structure of Cable Bacteria.

Rob Cornelissen1, Andreas Bøggild2,3, Raghavendran Thiruvallur Eachambadi1

  • 1X-LAB, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|January 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cable bacteria use a unique cell envelope structure for long-distance electron transport. Their periplasmic fibers, continuous across cells, are likely the conductive pathway.

Keywords:
atomic force microscopycable bacteriacell envelopeelectron microscopylong-distance electron transferperiplasmic fibers

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • Cable bacteria are multicellular microorganisms known for intercellular electron transport.
  • The cellular structures responsible for this conductivity are hypothesized to reside within the cell envelope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the detailed cell envelope architecture of cable bacteria.
  • To identify the structures facilitating long-distance electron transport.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diverse sample preparation techniques (chemical fixation, resin-embedding, cryo-fixation).
  • Employed advanced imaging modalities including SEM, TEM, cryo-ET, FIB-SEM, and AFM.
  • Investigated intact filaments and isolated periplasmic fiber sheaths.

Main Results:

  • Developed a quantitative structural model of cable bacteria.
  • Revealed cell envelope construction via parallel ridge compartments of consistent size.
  • Identified ~50 nm diameter periplasmic fibers continuous across cells, linked by a cartwheel structure.

Conclusions:

  • Periplasmic fibers, due to their continuity, are strong candidates for the electron-conducting structures in cable bacteria.
  • The cell envelope architecture, with its specialized compartments and fibers, supports efficient intercellular electron transfer.