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Related Concept Videos

Reaction Rate02:53

Reaction Rate

63.0K
The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
63.0K
Related Rates01:18

Related Rates

51
When two or more physical quantities are linked by a single relationship, a change in one variable necessarily affects the others. This interdependence forms the basis of related rates analysis, which examines how different quantities change with respect to time. A classic physical example is an expanding balloon, where the size of the balloon changes continuously as air is added.For a hot air balloon, the inflated envelope is commonly idealized as a perfect sphere to simplify mathematical...
51
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
29.0K
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

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Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
37.1K
Concentration and Rate Law03:03

Concentration and Rate Law

38.3K
The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
For example, in a generic reaction aA + bB ⟶ products, where a and b are stoichiometric coefficients, the rate law can be written as:
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High-frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Cervical Lymph Nodes
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High-frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Cervical Lymph Nodes

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Reoperation Rates Following Open-Door Cervical Laminoplasty.

John A Rodriguez-Feo1, Daniel Leas1, Susan M Odum2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina.

International Journal of Spine Surgery
|January 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cervical laminoplasty has a 13.5% reoperation rate, with higher rates in patients undergoing concomitant laminectomy. This procedure remains a viable surgical option for cervical stenosis, comparing favorably to laminectomy and fusion.

Keywords:
OPLLanterior cervical spinecervical spinecervical spondylotic myelopathycohort studycomplicationsdegenerative cervical myelopathylaminoplastyreadmissionreoperation

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Cervical laminoplasty is a recognized procedure for multilevel degenerative cervical stenosis causing myelopathy.
  • It offers the advantage of preserving spinal motion compared to fusion techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reoperation rate following cervical laminoplasty.
  • To identify risk factors associated with reoperation after this procedure.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 222 patients undergoing cervical laminoplasty between 2005 and 2012 with at least a 2-year follow-up.
  • Data collection included demographics, operative details, reoperation reasons, and C5 palsy incidence.

Main Results:

  • The overall reoperation rate was 13.5% (30/222), with 7.2% in the acute postoperative period and 6.3% later.
  • Concomitant laminectomy was associated with a significantly higher reoperation rate (P = .03).
  • The C5 palsy rate was 8.1%.

Conclusions:

  • Despite potential for new neurologic symptoms due to preserved motion, cervical laminoplasty's reoperation rate is favorable compared to laminectomy and fusion.
  • It remains a reasonable surgical choice for multilevel cervical stenosis with myelopathy.