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    This study tracked thyroid disorders in service members from 2008-2017. Hypothyroidism was most common, especially in females and non-Hispanic white individuals, with incidence rates generally stable or decreasing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Military Health
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Thyroid disorders represent a significant public health concern.
    • Understanding the epidemiology of thyroid conditions in specific populations, such as active-duty military personnel, is crucial for targeted healthcare strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence and prevalence of five key thyroid disorders (goiter, thyrotoxicosis, primary/not otherwise specified [NOS] hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and other thyroid disorders) within the active component of the U.S. military.
    • To examine trends in these disorders over a 10-year period (2008-2017).
    • To identify demographic disparities in thyroid disorder incidence, including sex and race/ethnicity.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of electronic health records for active component service members from 2008 to 2017.
    • Calculation of incidence and prevalence rates for specified thyroid disorders.
    • Stratification of data by sex, race/ethnicity, and time.

    Main Results:

    • Primary/NOS hypothyroidism was the most frequent incident thyroid disorder in both males and females.
    • Females exhibited 3 to 5 times higher overall incidence rates for thyroid disorders compared to males.
    • Incidence of primary/NOS hypothyroidism was higher in non-Hispanic white service members across both sexes.
    • While incidence rates remained stable or decreased for most disorders, prevalence initially increased before leveling off or decreasing.

    Conclusions:

    • Primary/NOS hypothyroidism is a predominant thyroid condition among active component service members, with notable sex and racial/ethnic differences.
    • The trends suggest a potential stabilization or decline in the incidence of most thyroid disorders over the study period, though prevalence patterns were more complex.
    • Findings underscore the importance of continued surveillance and targeted interventions for thyroid health in military populations.