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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Therapeutic Index01:13

Therapeutic Index

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The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
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Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma
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Therapeutic Targets for Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas.

Shinji Miwa1, Norio Yamamoto2, Katsuhiro Hayashi3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan. smiwa001@yahoo.co.jp.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 10, 2019
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Discover new molecular targets and treatments for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Advances in understanding cancer progression and immune systems have led to novel drugs and therapies, improving patient outcomes for these rare cancers.

Keywords:
chemotherapyimmunotherapysarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous, making treatment development difficult.
  • Current chemotherapy and surgical methods offer limited success for recurrent and metastatic cases.
  • Understanding cancer progression mechanisms like proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune evasion is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in molecular therapeutic targets for sarcomas.
  • To summarize novel treatment strategies based on basic science research.
  • To highlight new drugs and their clinical trial assessments for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of basic science research on sarcoma progression.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for newly developed anticancer drugs.
  • Synthesis of information on molecular targets and therapeutic advancements.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key molecular mechanisms driving sarcoma progression and metastasis.
  • Development of new targeted therapies including pazopanib, trabectedin, eribulin, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these novel agents.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in understanding sarcoma biology have yielded promising new therapeutic targets.
  • Novel drugs and immunotherapies represent significant progress in treating bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
  • Continued research into molecular mechanisms is essential for further improving patient outcomes.