Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

797
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
797
Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

1.0K
Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
1.0K
Cognition and Behavior01:23

Cognition and Behavior

371
Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...
371
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

1.1K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.1K
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

2.4K
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Disaster Nephrology in Action: A Tech-Augmented Response to Cyclone Alfred.

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness·2026
Same author

Using Hofstede's framework to explore surgical cultures and their impact on female surgeons.

Medical education·2025
Same author

Multiomic analysis of human kidney disease identifies a tractable inflammatory and pro-fibrotic tubular cell phenotype.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Hepatocellular senescence induces multi-organ senescence and dysfunction via TGFβ.

Nature cell biology·2024
Same author

Indian Hedgehog release from TNF-activated renal epithelia drives local and remote organ fibrosis.

Science translational medicine·2023
Same author

Change in gait speed and adverse outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A prospective cohort study.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke
08:53

Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke

Published on: June 6, 2025

1.8K

A cognitive forcing tool to mitigate cognitive bias - a randomised control trial.

Eoin D O'Sullivan1, Susie J Schofield2

  • 1Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Cres, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK. eoindosullivan@gmail.com.

BMC Medical Education
|January 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A cognitive forcing tool did not reduce diagnostic errors in a randomized trial, despite positive user feedback. Further research is needed to validate its clinical utility for reducing cognitive bias in medical decision-making.

Keywords:
Clinical errorCognitive biasDecision makingHeuristics

More Related Videos

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
09:43

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Published on: April 15, 2014

11.0K
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

935

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke
08:53

Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke

Published on: June 6, 2025

1.8K
A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
09:43

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Published on: April 15, 2014

11.0K
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

935

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Clinical Decision Making
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive bias is a significant factor contributing to diagnostic errors, presenting challenges in education and clinical practice.
  • Understanding the impact of cognitive bias is crucial for improving patient safety and healthcare outcomes.
  • Diagnostic errors remain a persistent issue in medicine, necessitating innovative solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive forcing tool in reducing diagnostic errors.
  • To explore the mechanisms through which a cognitive forcing tool might influence clinical decision-making.
  • To assess the perceived impact and usability of the cognitive forcing tool among medical professionals.

Main Methods:

  • A single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted using an online, case-based approach from January 2017 to September 2018.
  • Participants included medical professionals of varying seniority across the UK, Republic of Ireland, and North America.
  • Qualitative "think aloud" interviews were conducted with 20 doctors to understand their experience with the tool.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant difference in diagnostic error rates was observed between the intervention and control groups (mean 2.8 vs 3.1 cases correct, P=0.49).
  • Doctors across all grades demonstrated errors related to cognitive bias.
  • Qualitative data indicated the cognitive forcing strategy was well-received, with users reporting a subjectively positive impact on accuracy and thoughtfulness.

Conclusions:

  • The quantitative results did not support the use of the cognitive forcing tool to improve diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice.
  • Despite the lack of statistical significance, the positive qualitative feedback suggests the tool has potential merit and face validity.
  • Further investigation is warranted to determine the clinical utility and optimal implementation of cognitive forcing strategies.