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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

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Mapping variation in intervention design: a systematic review to develop a program theory for patient navigator

Laura Desveaux1,2, Kerry McBrien3,4, Lianne Barnieh5

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|January 10, 2019
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Summary

Patient navigator programs vary widely. This study developed a program theory and prototype for patient navigator interventions, identifying key activities and barriers to improve patient care access and adherence.

Keywords:
Behaviour Change WheelChronic diseaseIntervention designPatient navigator

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Behavioral Science
  • Implementation Science

Background:

  • Patient navigator (PN) programs exhibit significant variability in design and delivery, hindering their adoption in new settings.
  • A systematic literature review was conducted to develop a preliminary program theory for PN interventions.
  • This theory was then applied to inform the prototype of a PN program.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on patient navigator interventions.
  • To develop a program theory explaining how PN interventions are designed and delivered.
  • To describe the application of this program theory in developing a real-world PN program prototype.

Main Methods:

  • A secondary review of a larger systematic review identified studies on PN programs assisting patient access and adherence to care.
  • Content analysis described barriers targeted by PN interventions and navigator activities.
  • A program theory was constructed using the capability-opportunity-motivation (COM-B) model and refined through stakeholder feedback.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen PN interventions from 21 publications were analyzed, reporting 17 unique navigator activities.
  • Common activities included education, referral facilitation, social support, and self-management support.
  • Interventions often targeted physical opportunity barriers (e.g., insurance, scheduling, transportation) and knowledge barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Considerable heterogeneity exists in patient navigator intervention content.
  • The study provides a schema for developing PN interventions and demonstrates evidence-based model application.
  • Improved reporting of intervention components is crucial for facilitating the translation of PN programs.