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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox Reactions01:27

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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An exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is absorbed, stored, and released.
A special kind of exchange reaction is the oxidation-reduction reaction, or the redox reaction. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one compound to another. The electrons in these reactions commonly come from hydrogen atoms, which consist of an electron and a proton. A molecule gives up a...
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Synthesis and decomposition are two types of redox reactions. Synthesis means to make something, whereas decomposition means to break something. The reactions are accompanied by chemical and energy changes. 
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles
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Reversibly responsive microemulsion triggered by redox reactions.

Ying Li1, Lian Liu1, Xuefeng Liu1

  • 1School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|January 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Redox-responsive selenium surfactants enable reversible microemulsions. These switchable surfactants can be oxidized and reduced, altering their properties and enabling tunable oil solubilization for responsive formulations.

Keywords:
MicroemulsionRedoxReversible responsivenessSelenium-containing surfactant

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive surfactants, or switchable surfactants, offer tunable properties by reversibly changing between active and inactive states.
  • Selenium-containing surfactants exhibit reversible redox-responsiveness, making them promising for dynamic systems.
  • Microemulsions (MEs) are thermodynamically stable dispersions with applications in various fields, sensitive to surfactant properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and properties of microemulsions stabilized by redox-responsive selenium-containing surfactants.
  • To demonstrate the reversible transition between microemulsions stabilized by the reduced and oxidized forms of the surfactant.
  • To explore the impact of surfactant redox state on microemulsion characteristics, including surface activity and solubilization capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of microemulsions using sodium dodecylselanylpropyl sulfate (reduced form, SDSePS-Re) or its oxidized form (SDSePS-Ox), n-butanol, n-heptane, and water, confirmed via pseudo-ternary phase diagrams.
  • Verification of molecular structure changes using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
  • Characterization of microemulsion transitions using electrical conductivity, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light-scattering.

Main Results:

  • Both SDSePS-Re and SDSePS-Ox successfully stabilized the n-butanol-n-heptane-water system into microemulsions.
  • A reversible transition between SDSePS-Re-based and SDSePS-Ox-based microemulsions was achieved through oxidation (H2O2) and reduction (N2H4).
  • SDSePS-Ox exhibited lower surface activity than SDSePS-Re, leading to differences in oil solubilization capacity and potential phase separation upon oxidation, which was reversible upon reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium-containing surfactants can effectively stabilize microemulsions with tunable properties based on their redox state.
  • The reversible redox switching of these surfactants allows for the controlled transition between different microemulsion phases.
  • This redox-responsive system offers potential for applications requiring dynamic and switchable interfacial properties.