Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

67.9K
In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
67.9K
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

77.9K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
77.9K
DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

988
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
988
Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines01:18

Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines

1.9K
A streamline represents the trajectory that is always tangent to the fluid's velocity vector at any given point. The velocity of a fluid particle is always directed along the streamline, ensuring the particle continuously follows the streamline's path. Streamlines are particularly useful for visualizing the overall direction of flow in a fluid system, and they provide an instantaneous representation of the flow's velocity field. In steady flow, where conditions do not change over...
1.9K
Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation01:09

Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation

10.2K
The empirical rule, also known as the three-sigma rule, allows a statistician to interpret the standard deviation in a normally distributed dataset. The rule states that 68% of the data lies within one standard deviation from the mean, 95% lies within two standard deviations from the mean, and 99.7% lies within three standard deviations from the mean. Additionally, this rule is also called the 68-95-99.7 rule.
This rule is used widely in statistics to calculate the proportion of data values...
10.2K
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline01:30

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

1.5K
Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Site-specialization of human oral <i>Porphyromonas</i> species.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Pangenomes of the human oral microbiome.

Microbiology resource announcements·2026
Same author

Genome-wide sweeps create ecological units in the human gut microbiome.

Nature·2026
Same author

Hi-C sequencing deciphers phage and plasmid host networks in wastewater biofilms.

Environmental science and ecotechnology·2026
Same author

Iron limitation differentially affects viral replication in key marine microbes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee, 2025.

The Journal of general virology·2025
Same journal

Facile synthesis of model polystyrene nanoparticles for nanoplastics research.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Effectiveness of a posture education program in high school students: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Development and characterization of silicone-based testosterone propionate implants for sustained androgen delivery in juvenile castrated male pigs.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Machine learning assisted multi-criteria decision-making approaches for site selection: A systematic review.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

A systematic analytical framework for multi-source municipal solid waste characterization for energy recovery.

MethodsX·2026
Same journal

Decision tree and reinforcement learning for contextual electricity consumption forecasting in buildings.

MethodsX·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Standardized Method for High-throughput Sterilization of Arabidopsis Seeds
08:13

Standardized Method for High-throughput Sterilization of Arabidopsis Seeds

Published on: October 17, 2017

30.6K

Streamlining standard bacteriophage methods for higher throughput.

Kathryn M Kauffman1, Martin F Polz1,2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.

Methodsx
|January 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers optimized bacteriophage (phage) isolation and purification techniques using streamlined agar overlays and a novel "molten streaking" method. These advancements reduce steps and materials, enhancing efficiency in studying bacterial viruses.

Keywords:
Agar layerAgar overlayBottom agarCultivationIsolationPhagePlaquePurificationTop agarVirus

More Related Videos

Bacteriophage Effectiveness for Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogens Evaluated via High-Throughput Settings
07:22

Bacteriophage Effectiveness for Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogens Evaluated via High-Throughput Settings

Published on: August 19, 2021

3.4K
Author Spotlight: Automated Bioprinting for High-Throughput Vascular Model Fabrication
07:41

Author Spotlight: Automated Bioprinting for High-Throughput Vascular Model Fabrication

Published on: August 16, 2024

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Standardized Method for High-throughput Sterilization of Arabidopsis Seeds
08:13

Standardized Method for High-throughput Sterilization of Arabidopsis Seeds

Published on: October 17, 2017

30.6K
Bacteriophage Effectiveness for Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogens Evaluated via High-Throughput Settings
07:22

Bacteriophage Effectiveness for Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogens Evaluated via High-Throughput Settings

Published on: August 19, 2021

3.4K
Author Spotlight: Automated Bioprinting for High-Throughput Vascular Model Fabrication
07:41

Author Spotlight: Automated Bioprinting for High-Throughput Vascular Model Fabrication

Published on: August 16, 2024

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Agar overlay is a standard method for bacterial virus (bacteriophage) isolation, quantification, and purification.
  • Current methods can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, limiting throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present simple optimizations for agar overlay techniques to increase efficiency and throughput in bacteriophage isolation and cultivation.
  • To streamline serial purification of viruses and provide recommendations for plaque archiving.

Main Methods:

  • Developed tube-free agar overlays to minimize steps and materials for rapid plaque assays.
  • Introduced "molten streaking for singles" to combine serial re-streaking with optimized agar overlays for rapid virus purification.
  • Established recommendations for efficient archival and storage of virus plaques.

Main Results:

  • Tube-free agar overlays significantly reduce the number of steps and materials required for plaque assays.
  • "Molten streaking for singles" enables rapid, tube-free serial purification of viruses.
  • Optimized methods enhance overall efficiency and throughput in bacteriophage research.

Conclusions:

  • The presented optimizations significantly improve the efficiency and accessibility of bacteriophage isolation and purification.
  • These advancements facilitate faster discovery and characterization of bacterial viruses.
  • The methods are applicable to various culture-based studies of virus-host systems.