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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines as a Three-Dimensional Model for the Study of Human Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy
Published on: August 14, 2012
[Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors : Current treatment concepts]
1Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Endokrinologie, Stoffwechsel und klinische Infektiologie, UKGM - Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Deutschland. sprenger@med.uni-marburg.de.
Abstract:
The number of cases diagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (pNEN) is steadily increasing. The 2017 World Health Organization classification defines a new subgroup of morphologically well differentiated tumors with an elevated proliferation rate (Ki-67 over 20%) as neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G3. Due to the heterogeneity of pNEN regarding etiology (sporadic versus hereditary), symptoms (hormone syndrome versus non-functional tumor), and prognosis (ranging from benign behavior to highly malignant), multidisciplinary management by experienced physicians is required. This is especially true as the number of therapeutic options has increased, while we still lack comparative trials. This overview aims to summarize the multidisciplinary therapeutic options, their selection criteria and the recommendations of the new German S2k guideline.
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