Sexual Dimorphic Features Associated with Femoroacetabular Impingement

Area of Science:

• Orthopaedics
• Sexual Dimorphism
• Hip Morphology

Background:

• Sexual dimorphism, driven by chromosomal differences, influences biologic responses in males and females.
• These dimorphic effects extend to orthopaedic injuries and treatment outcomes.
• Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an abnormal hip morphology where females report poorer hip function than males pre- and post-operatively.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the literature on sexual dimorphism in femoroacetabular impingement.
• To characterize differences in prevalence, presentation, management, and outcomes between sexes.
• To explore potential dimorphic factors contributing to FAI susceptibility and outcomes in females.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating sexual dimorphism and femoroacetabular impingement.
• Analysis of data on prevalence, clinical presentation, surgical and non-surgical management, and patient-reported outcomes.
• Synthesis of findings related to sex-based differences in hip function and injury risk.

Main Results:

• Females with femoroacetabular impingement demonstrate worse hip function scores compared to males.
• Potential contributing factors include increased joint laxity, distinct hip morphology, and differences in osseous biology in females.
• Literature review highlights variations in FAI presentation and outcomes based on sex.

Conclusions:

• Sexual dimorphism significantly influences femoroacetabular impingement presentation and outcomes.
• Understanding these sex-based differences is crucial for tailored treatment strategies.
• Further research into dimorphic factors may improve management and outcomes for all patients.