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Response time in the emergency services. Systematic review.

Eric Lucas Dos Santos Cabral¹, Wilkson Ricardo Silva Castro¹, Davidson Rogério de Medeiros Florentino¹

¹Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil. Acquisition, interpretation and analysis of data; manuscript writing.

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Summary

Urban population growth challenges emergency medical services (EMS). This review examines EMS response times globally, factors influencing them, and methods for improvement.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Healthcare Management
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Urban population growth necessitates efficient emergency medical services (EMS).
Ensuring prehospital emergency medical care meets population demands is a key concern for public managers.
Response time is a critical indicator for evaluating EMS performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To review global EMS response times.
To identify factors influencing EMS response times, including healthcare spending and life expectancy.
To explore methods for reducing EMS response times.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on EMS response times worldwide.
Analysis of factors such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) percentage spent on health and national life expectancy.
Examination of simulation, heuristic, and metaheuristic approaches suggested in existing research.

Main Results:

Europe and the USA lead in publications concerning EMS response times.
Countries with identified response times often exhibit high human development and life expectancy (74.7–83.7 years).
Stochastic and mathematical models are used to simulate response time reduction scenarios.

Conclusions:

Response time is a fundamental metric for EMS evaluation, often analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Advanced modeling techniques can inform strategies for improving EMS efficiency.
Optimizing EMS response times is crucial for public health in urbanizing areas.