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Complementary feeding and bone health: a systematic review.

Julie E Obbagy1, Laural K English2, Yat Ping Wong1

  • 1Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|January 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adequate nutrition is vital for infant bone health. Current research on complementary feeding (CFBs) timing and types offers insufficient evidence to link them to bone health outcomes in children.

Keywords:
bone developmentbone healthcomplementary feedingcomplementary foods and beveragesinfantsnutritionsystematic reviewtoddlers

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Bone Health Research
  • Evidence Synthesis

Background:

  • Optimal nutrition in infancy and toddlerhood is essential for healthy growth, particularly bone development.
  • Complementary feeding (CFBs) involves introducing solid foods and beverages alongside milk or formula from late infancy to 24 months of age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the relationship between the timing of complementary feeding introduction and bone health.
  • To assess the link between the types and/or amounts of complementary foods and beverages consumed and bone health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted systematic reviews using CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases (1980-2016).
  • Included studies on complementary feeding (CFBs) and bone health in children up to 18 years.
  • Extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and qualitatively synthesized evidence.

Main Results:

  • Three articles examined the timing of CFB introduction and childhood bone health.
  • Two articles investigated the impact of CFB types and/or amounts on bone health.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient evidence exists to conclude the relationship between CFB timing, types, or amounts and bone health.
  • Lack of research, confounding factors, and study heterogeneity limit current conclusions.
  • Further research is needed to address these gaps in understanding infant and toddler bone health related to complementary feeding.