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Composition of Blood01:22

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Blood chimerism in twins.

Letícia Tavares1, Daiane Cobianchi Da Costa1, Anna Paula de Borba Batschauer2

  • 1University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil.

Immunohematology
|January 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated chimerism in dizygotic twins (DTs) using serologic and STR assays, finding no evidence of blood chimerism. However, it highlights the importance of considering chimerism in complex immunohematologic studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Twin Studies

Background:

  • Chimerism involves cells from different zygotes, potentially linked to autoimmune diseases and neurological conditions.
  • Dizygotic twins (DTs) may develop chimerism via placental anastomoses and stem cell exchange.
  • Chimerism can complicate immunohematologic testing, mimicking ABO subgroups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of chimerism in dizygotic twins (DTs).
  • To utilize ABO and D testing, column agglutination, and short tandem repeat (STR) assays for chimerism detection.
  • To assess the utility of STR analysis in differentiating chimerism from ABO subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Collected blood samples from 103 subjects, including dizygotic twins and trizygotic triplets.
  • Performed ABO and D blood group testing using tube method and column agglutination.
  • Conducted short tandem repeat (STR) assays to confirm zygosity and detect chimerism.

Main Results:

  • STR assays excluded 24 subjects as monozygotic twins.
  • No ABO or D chimerism was detected in any of the 70 dizygotic twins or 9 trizygotic triplet subjects.
  • Serologic assays and STR analysis failed to identify any instances of blood chimerism in the study cohort.

Conclusions:

  • This study found no evidence of chimerism in the assessed dizygotic twins.
  • Emphasizes the need to consider chimerism in individuals with suspected ABO subgroups during immunohematologic evaluations.
  • Recommends STR analysis as a valuable tool for distinguishing chimerism from ABO subgroups in complex cases.