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E Yu Andreenko1, I S Yavelov, М М Loukianov

  • 1National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine. Elena.Andreenko@gmail.com.

Kardiologiia
|January 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Genetics and non-atherosclerotic causes contribute to ischemic heart disease (IHD) in young patients. While prognosis is generally better, sex differences in outcomes for premature IHD require further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Ischemic heart disease (IHD) in young patients involves conventional and non-conventional risk factors, including genetics.
  • Monogenic diseases like familial hypercholesterolemia significantly increase IHD risk in youth.
  • Acute coronary syndrome is a common initial presentation of IHD in young individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted causes of IHD in young patients.
  • To highlight the role of genetic testing in identifying high-risk individuals.
  • To investigate sex-based differences in IHD outcomes and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on risk factors for IHD in young populations.
  • Analysis of genetic testing recommendations for monogenic IHD predispositions.
  • Examination of coronary artery status and etiological factors in young IHD patients.

Main Results:

  • Young IHD patients often present with normal or single-vessel coronary disease, with non-atherosclerotic causes in up to 20%.
  • Genetic factors, particularly familial hypercholesterolemia, are crucial in IHD development.
  • Young patients generally experience a better prognosis, but unexplained sex differences in outcomes exist.

Conclusions:

  • IHD in young individuals is complex, influenced by genetics and non-atherosclerotic pathways.
  • Early identification through genetic testing is vital for managing high-risk youth.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the reasons behind sex disparities in premature IHD prognosis.

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