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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril
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Shell thickness-dependent Au@Ag nanoparticles aggregates for high-performance SERS applications.

Kaiqiang Wang1, Da-Wen Sun2, Hongbin Pu1

  • 1School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.

Talanta
|January 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasmonic core-shell nanomaterials, specifically gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles (Au@AgNAs), demonstrate exceptional performance in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for detecting trace analytes.

Keywords:
Core-shell nanoparticlesPesticideSERSSeed-mediated growthSurface plasmonic property

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Plasmonic core-shell nanomaterials exhibit unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties.
  • These properties make them highly suitable for applications in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the SERS performance of silver-coated gold nanoparticle aggregates (Au@AgNAs).
  • To investigate the effect of silver shell thickness on the LSPR and SERS activity of Au@AgNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of Au@AgNAs using 32 nm gold nanocrystals as seeds.
  • Controlled deposition of silver shells with thicknesses ranging from 3 to 13 nm by adjusting AgNO3 precursor concentration.
  • Characterization of LSPR shifts and SERS activity for Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and thiram detection.

Main Results:

  • Increasing silver shell thickness attenuated the LSPR of the gold core and blue-shifted the silver shell LSPR bands (390-420 nm).
  • Au@AgNAs with an 8.5 nm silver shell achieved ultra-low detection of R6G at 1 × 10⁻¹² M.
  • The substrate demonstrated good homogeneity, reproducibility, and a limit of detection of 1.09 × 10⁻⁹ M for thiram.

Conclusions:

  • The optimized Au@AgNAs substrate exhibits excellent SERS activity and sensitivity.
  • These core-shell nanomaterials show significant potential for high-performance SERS sensing applications.