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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
Published on: August 10, 2022
Progesterone governs endometrial proliferation-differentiation switching and blastocyst implantation
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
Blastocyst implantation contains the following three processes: apposition, attachment, and invasion of the blastocyst. Ovarian hormone progesterone (P4) regulates these processes exquisitely. P4-induced molecular communications between the endometrial epithelium and stroma as well as endometrial proliferation-differentiation switching (PDS) until blastocyst attachment are fundamental steps in blastocyst implantation. Based on the knowledge obtained from the previous studies of mouse models by my group and others, this article outlines how P4 directs the uterus to complete blastocyst implantation.
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