Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 20, 2026
06:57
Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Published on: September 13, 2020
4.0K
Four-Dimensional Thoracic CT in Free-Breathing Children
1Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Korean Journal of Radiology
|January 11, 2019
Summary
Four-dimensional (4D) CT utilizes respiratory motion in pediatric patients to assess thoracic conditions beyond static CT capabilities. This review covers techniques, radiation dose, and applications for 4D CT in children.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Pediatric Imaging
- Thoracic Imaging
Background:
- Respiratory motion in pediatric thoracic CT is typically an artifact.
- Four-dimensional (4D) CT can leverage this motion for clinical insights.
- Clinical experience with pediatric 4D CT is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review pediatric thoracic 4D CT imaging techniques, focusing on radiation dose.
- To explore clinical applications of 4D CT in pediatric thoracic functional abnormalities.
- To guide imagers in utilizing 4D CT for improved pediatric patient care.
Main Methods:
- Review of imaging techniques for pediatric thoracic 4D CT.
- Emphasis on radiation dose optimization strategies.
- Discussion of clinical applications and imaging appearances.
Main Results:
- 4D CT offers diagnostic capabilities beyond static CT for pediatric thoracic conditions.
- Specific applications include evaluating upper airway obstruction, tracheobronchomalacia, and pulmonary air trapping.
- Understanding normal and abnormal imaging is crucial for effective use.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric thoracic 4D CT provides valuable clinical information not obtainable with static CT.
- Proper understanding of techniques, dose, and applications is essential for imagers.
- Further exploration in free-breathing children can enhance clinical practice.
Related Concept Videos
01:05Breathing
64.2K
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
64.2K
01:15Thoracic Aorta
1.5K
The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
1.5K
01:17The Thoracic Cage: Sternum
5.7K
The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
5.7K
01:20The Thoracic Cage: Ribs
8.2K
Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
8.2K
01:23Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration
2.0K
The Physiology of Expiration: A Seamless Respiratory Process
Expiration, or exhaling, is a complex physiological process that begins as the inspiratory muscles begin to relax. This relaxation triggers a series of events that epitomize the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Mechanism of Expiration:
Expiration, or exhaling, is a complex physiological process that begins as the inspiratory muscles begin to relax. This relaxation triggers a series of events that epitomize the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Mechanism of Expiration:
2.0K
01:30Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration
3.1K
Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
3.1K