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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Hippo Signaling: Emerging Pathway in Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders?

Jens Stepan1, Elmira Anderzhanova2, Nils C Gassen2

  • 1Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|January 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The Hippo pathway regulates cell growth and is crucial for development. Its dysregulation is linked to stress-related psychiatric disorders, highlighting its role in brain health.

Keywords:
GPCRsKIBRAglucocorticoidshippo pathwaypsychophysiological stresssynaptic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Hippo pathway is a critical regulator of organ size, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration.
  • Its signaling cascade controls stemness, proliferation, and apoptosis in response to various stimuli.
  • Disruptions in Hippo signaling are implicated in cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in stress-related psychiatric disorders (SRPDs).
  • To explore the connections between Hippo pathway activity and the risk of developing SRPDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on Hippo signaling and SRPDs.
  • Analysis of canonical and non-canonical Hippo pathway interactions relevant to psychiatric disorders.

Main Results:

  • The Hippo pathway's central role in cell biology reveals significant links to stress-regulated pathways.
  • Genetic variations and epigenetic changes in Hippo pathway members are associated with increased SRPD risk.
  • Dysregulation of cellular processes involved in learning and memory by the Hippo pathway contributes to SRPDs.

Conclusions:

  • The Hippo signaling pathway plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
  • Understanding Hippo pathway interactions offers new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying SRPDs.
  • Further research into Hippo signaling may reveal novel therapeutic targets for psychiatric conditions.