Stress-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Reproductive Biology

Background:

• Prolactin is primarily known for lactation and reproductive suppression.
• However, prolactin exhibits diverse physiological functions.
• Hyperprolactinemia can stem from various physiologic and pathologic causes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of prolactin physiology.
• To examine the role of stress in prolactin secretion.
• To outline the clinical approach to hyperprolactinemia.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of prolactin physiology and hyperprolactinemia.
• Analysis of stress as a physiologic cause of hyperprolactinemia.
• Synthesis of clinical guidelines for managing hyperprolactinemia.

Main Results:

• Prolactin's functions extend beyond lactation and reproduction.
• Physiologic causes of hyperprolactinemia include pregnancy, lactation, stress, and stimulation.
• Stress is a significant, yet under-explored, physiologic contributor to hyperprolactinemia.

Conclusions:

• Understanding prolactin's diverse roles is crucial.
• Stress significantly influences prolactin secretion.
• A comprehensive approach is needed for diagnosing and managing hyperprolactinemia.