Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026
Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
Published on: February 12, 2021
Influence of Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor Genotype on Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Healthy Subjects
Eli F Kelley1, Eric M Snyder1, Bruce D Johnson2
1Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Background:
The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) has been shown to play a functional role in cardiomyocyte function and accounts for up to 80% of the cardiac tissue adrenergic receptors with ADRB1 stimulation increasing cardiac rate, contractility and work. Multiple polymorphisms of the ADRB1 have been identified such as the Gly49 polymorphism that includes at least one glycine (Gly) for serine (Ser) at amino acid 49 resulting in either homozygous for Gly (Gly49Gly) or heterozygous for Gly (Gly49Ser) polymorphisms. Heart failure patients with this polymorphism (Gly49) have been shown to have improved cardiac function and decreased mortality risk, but if there is an effect in healthy subjects is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Gly/Ser polymorphism at position 49 of the ADRB1on the cardiovascular response to exercise in healthy subjects.
Methods:
We performed genotyping of the ADRB1 (amino acid 49) and high-intensity, steady-state exercise on 71 healthy subjects (Ser49Ser = 52, Gly49Ser = 19).
Results:
There were no differences between genotype groups in age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), or watts achieved (age = 28.9 ± 5.6 years (yrs.), 30.6 ± 6.4yrs., height = 173.6 ± 9.9 cm, 174 ± 7.5 cm, weight = 74.4 ± 13.3 kg, 71.9 ± 13.5 kg, BMI = 24.6 ± 3.5, 23.6 ± 3.3, and watts = 223.8 ± 76.8, 205 ± 49.4, for Ser49Ser and Gly49Ser respectively). Additionally, there were no differences for genotype groups for cardiac output (CO), systolic blood pressure (BPsys), or diastolic blood pressure (BPdias) at rest, maximal exercise, or in change from rest to maximal exercise. The genotype groups differed significantly in heart rate (HRmax) at maximal exercise and cardiac index at rest (CI) (HRmax = 184.2 ± 9.5 bpm, 190.7 ± 10.6 bpm, CI = 0.063 ± 0.014, 0.071 ± 0.013, for Ser49Ser and Gly49Ser respectively). There was a trend towards significance (P = 0.058) for the change in stroke volume from rest to peak exercise (ΔSV) (0.016 ± 0.018 L, 0.0076 ± 0.012 L, for Ser49Ser and Gly49Ser respectively).
Conclusions:
These data suggest genetic variations of the ADRB1 may influence cardiovascular responses to exercise in healthy subjects.
More Related Videos
02:47Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System
Published on: May 12, 2023
07:26Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
Published on: October 17, 2018
Related Concept Videos
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
01:23Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
01:15Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients
01:27Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification
α-Adrenoceptors
α-Adrenoceptors are classified into two main subtypes: α1 and α2. The α1 adrenoceptors,...
01:31Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase...
01:26Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors...