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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

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Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
05:03

Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function

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ECG changes in patients with primary hyperthyroidism.

Ishtiaque Hussain Baladi1, Ayesha Aslam Rai1, Syed Masroor Ahmed1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Medical Unit III, Ward 7, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.

The Pan African Medical Journal
|January 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, particularly sinus tachycardia, are frequent in primary hyperthyroidism. Early treatment of thyrotoxicosis can reverse these cardiac complications, reducing morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:
Cardiovascularelectrocardiographichyperthyroidism

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones significantly influence cardiovascular function.
  • Imbalances in thyroid hormones can cause electrophysiological changes in the heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in patients with primary hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive cross-sectional study included 103 newly diagnosed primary hyperthyroidism patients.
  • Radioimmunoassay analyzed thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH).
  • Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed to identify changes like sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.

Main Results:

  • Sinus tachycardia was observed in 60.19% of patients.
  • Atrial fibrillation was detected in 11.65% of patients.
  • The study population averaged 30.09 years, with 81.55% being female.

Conclusions:

  • Primary hyperthyroidism is frequently associated with significant electrocardiographic changes, notably sinus tachycardia.
  • Thyrotoxicosis is a critical factor contributing to cardiac morbidity and mortality.
  • Timely and optimal treatment of hyperthyroidism can lead to reversible cardiac complications.