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Factors affecting Germany's green development over 1990-2015: a comprehensive environmental analysis.
1Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cyprus International University, P.O. Box 99258, via Mersin 10, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey. hrustemoglu@ciu.edu.tr.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|January 11, 2019
Summary
Germany achieved absolute decoupling of economic growth from carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions between 1990 and 2015. Environmental sustainability was driven by reduced energy intensity and improved fuel structures, showcasing an impressive model for other nations.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Ecological Economics
- Energy Policy
Background:
- Germany's environmental performance from 1990 to 2015 requires comprehensive analysis.
- Understanding the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions is crucial for sustainability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct an environmental analysis of Germany.
- To examine the decoupling of economic growth and CO2 emissions.
- To identify factors influencing emission changes in aggregated and sectoral levels.
Main Methods:
- Ecological footprint analysis using bio-capacity and footprint data.
- Decoupling factor analysis (OECD methodology).
- Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) for emission factor decomposition.
Main Results:
- Germany showed a slowly decreasing ecological deficit from 1990-2015.
- Absolute decoupling between real GDP and CO2 emissions was observed.
- Per capita income and population increased emissions, while energy and carbon intensity decreased them. Sectoral analysis showed economic activity as the sole CO2 accelerator, with fuel structure and pollution effects reducing emissions.
Conclusions:
- Germany demonstrates significant progress in environmental sustainability.
- The country serves as a model for achieving economic growth with reduced environmental impact.
- Policy interventions targeting energy and carbon intensity are effective in mitigating emissions.