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Higher Hippocampal Mean Diffusivity Values in Asymptomatic Welders.

Eun-Young Lee1,2, Michael R Flynn3, Guangwei Du1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033.

Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
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Summary

Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure in welders is linked to brain changes in the hippocampus, potentially increasing Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. These microstructural changes worsen with age and cumulative Mn exposure.

Keywords:
diffusion tensor imaginghippocampusmanganesemean diffusivitywelders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Occupational Health
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Chronic high-level manganese (Mn) exposure is linked to neurotoxicity and parkinsonism.
  • Mn accumulation in the hippocampus and associative learning deficits are observed in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Hippocampal Mn accumulation has been noted in welders, suggesting potential neurological risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether chronic manganese (Mn) exposure in welders is associated with microstructural changes in the hippocampus.
  • To explore the relationship between Mn exposure, age, and hippocampal changes in welders.

Main Methods:

  • A study comparing welders (n=42) with non-welders (controls, n=31).
  • Assessment of Mn exposure through questionnaires, whole blood Mn levels, and R1 imaging.
  • Hippocampal microstructural changes evaluated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and hippocampal volume measurements.

Main Results:

  • Welders showed significantly higher hippocampal mean diffusivity (MD) values compared to controls (p=0.035).
  • This effect was more pronounced in older welders (>50 years) and correlated with age (R=0.59, p<0.001).
  • Higher hippocampal MD was associated with cumulative Mn exposure (R=0.36, p=0.021) in welders.

Conclusions:

  • Welders with chronic Mn exposure exhibit increased hippocampal diffusivity, a change that intensifies with age.
  • These findings suggest that Mn exposure, particularly when combined with aging, may increase vulnerability to AD or AD-like pathologies in welders.