Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Random and Systematic Errors

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...

Systematic Sampling Method

Systematic Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mortality trends associated with hypertension and atrial fibrillation: A CDC WONDER data analysis.

Global epidemiology·2025

Same author

Clinical Audit of Acute Oxygen Therapy: Enhancing Patient Care at Dammar Teaching Hospital.

Cureus·2025

Same author

Patterns and trends in prevalent central nervous system stimulant use in US veterans with traumatic brain injury.

The American journal of medicine·2025

Same author

Barriers and facilitators of antiseizure medication adherence: a qualitative study among persons with epilepsy in Pakistan.

BMC neurology·2025

Same author

Medication therapy management in Pakistan: a cross-sectional evaluation of pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers.

Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences·2025

Same author

Periocular clinical differences between primary and postparalytic hemifacial spasm: A retrospective comparative study.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

Published on: January 17, 2017

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Systematic Review.

Maria Tanveer¹, Ali Ahmed¹

¹Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

|January 12, 2019

Summary

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a wheat-related disorder diagnosed by exclusion. Identifying reliable biomarkers and addressing challenges in gluten-free diets are crucial for managing NCGS patients.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Immunology
Dietary Science

Background:

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a clinical condition triggered by gluten ingestion.
Diagnosis of NCGS relies on exclusion, making differentiation from other gluten-related disorders challenging.
NCGS presents with diverse clinical and pathological manifestations, complicating patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current information on Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).
To outline clinical and pathological features of NCGS.
To identify challenges in diagnosis and gluten-free diet adherence for NCGS patients.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of international databases (PubMed, Google Scholar) up to September 2017.
Analysis of existing data on NCGS clinical presentations, diagnostic difficulties, and dietary obstacles.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

Author Spotlight: Learning Systematic Bronchoscopy in a Simulation-Base Setting

Author Spotlight: Learning Systematic Bronchoscopy in a Simulation-Base Setting

Published on: June 23, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

Published on: January 17, 2017

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

Author Spotlight: Learning Systematic Bronchoscopy in a Simulation-Base Setting

Author Spotlight: Learning Systematic Bronchoscopy in a Simulation-Base Setting

Published on: June 23, 2023

Identification of potential biomarkers and susceptible individual indicators.

Main Results:

NCGS patient groups are heterogeneous, exhibiting varied clinical and pathological profiles.
Potential indicators for susceptible individuals include early food allergies, anti-gliadin IgG antibodies, flow cytometry basophil activation tests, atopy, and duodenal eosinophilia.
Adherence to a gluten-free diet is often hindered by the limited availability of healthy product options, with many high in fat and sugar.

Conclusions:

There is a critical need for validated biomarkers to accurately diagnose NCGS and distinguish it from conditions like celiac disease.
Understanding the heterogeneity of NCGS is essential for tailored patient care.
Improving the availability and quality of gluten-free products is necessary to support patients with NCGS.