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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Bifurcation-based embodied logic and autonomous actuation.

Yijie Jiang1, Lucia M Korpas1, Jordan R Raney2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, 220 S 33rd St., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Nature Communications
|January 12, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces bioinspired autonomous systems that self-actuate in response to stimuli. These 3D-printed structures use material swelling and geometry to achieve programmable, electronic-free responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Bioinspired Robotics
  • Smart Materials

Background:

  • Plants exhibit autonomous morphological and functional changes in response to environmental cues.
  • Traditional mechatronic systems rely on external electronics for sensing, actuation, and control.
  • Natural systems integrate these functions within their inherent structure and composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop bioinspired autonomous systems capable of responding to multiple stimuli.
  • To embody logic within material structures for electronic-free environmental responsiveness.
  • To demonstrate a novel control strategy inspired by natural systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 3D printable fibrous composites with geometries near bifurcation points.
  • Utilizing anisotropic material swelling in response to specific stimuli.
  • Engineering structures to transition between bistability and monostability for self-actuation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated rapid, large-amplitude self-actuation triggered by stimuli-induced geometric bifurcation.
  • Programmed actuation times ranging from 0.6 to 108 seconds for millimeter-scale structures.
  • Successfully created electronic-free, self-controlled systems responding autonomously to their environment.

Conclusions:

  • Bioinspired design enables autonomous systems to exhibit complex behaviors without external control.
  • 3D printable composites offer a versatile platform for creating responsive, structurally integrated devices.
  • This approach provides a pathway for developing untethered, self-sufficient mechatronic systems.