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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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Errors and Mistakes in Surveying01:19

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

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Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...
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Types of Surveys01:27

Types of Surveys

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Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
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Neurological Disorders in Central Spain, Second Survey: Feasibility Pilot Observational Study.

Jesús Hernández-Gallego1,2,3, Sara Llamas-Velasco1,2,4, Felix Bermejo-Pareja2,3,4

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain.

JMIR Research Protocols
|January 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A pilot study for the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES-2) survey assessed feasibility. Findings informed adjustments to methods and biobanking for the main population-based epidemiological study.

Keywords:
NEDICESParkinson’s diseasedementiaessential tremorheadachelongitudinal studymild cognitive impairmentobservational studypilot studypopulation-based studystroke

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The Neurological Disorders in Central Spain, second survey (NEDICES-2) is a planned population-based, closed-cohort study.
  • The study aims to enroll over 8000 subjects aged ≥55 years in central Spain.
  • A biobank component is integral to the NEDICES-2 study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of all aspects of the NEDICES-2 study, including methods, database, screening instruments, and questionnaires.
  • To assess interexpert agreement on neurological diagnoses.
  • To test the viability of collecting biological samples from participants.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involved face-to-face interviews with participants using comprehensive questionnaires.
  • Demographic, medication, medical history, and lifestyle data were collected.
  • Biological samples (blood, saliva, urine, hair) were obtained, and participants underwent neurological examination.

Main Results:

  • 567 participants were enrolled in the pilot; 310 completed all procedures.
  • Primary care physician participation challenges led to study area reconfiguration.
  • The central biobank required supplementation from local hospital biobanks.

Conclusions:

  • Population-based epidemiological surveys necessitate pilot studies to ensure feasibility.
  • Pilot studies are crucial for refining population selection, methods, instruments, diagnostic agreement, and data collection strategies.
  • Lessons learned from the NEDICES-2 pilot study will optimize the main field study.