[Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Role in Oncogenesis].

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• The human genome's noncoding regions, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are increasingly recognized for their functional significance.
• Despite extensive research, the complexity, multiplicity, and diversity of lncRNAs mean many functions remain poorly understood.
• lncRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression across all tissues and developmental stages, influencing numerous signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of long noncoding RNA structures, genomic localization, functions, and regulatory mechanisms.
• To summarize cancer-associated aberrations of lncRNAs.
• To explore the potential applications of lncRNAs in tumor diagnostics and therapy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of current research on long noncoding RNAs.
• Analysis of genomic data and functional studies related to lncRNA expression and regulation.
• Examination of therapeutic strategies targeting lncRNAs, including silencing methods.

Main Results:

• lncRNAs play critical roles in gene expression regulation and are implicated in various signaling pathways.
• Aberrant lncRNA functioning is associated with pathogenic conditions, particularly cancer.
• lncRNAs show promise as biomarkers for tumor diagnostics and as therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

• Long noncoding RNAs are vital regulatory molecules with diverse functions, many of which are still being uncovered.
• Understanding lncRNA aberrations in cancer opens avenues for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
• Targeting oncogenic lncRNAs through silencing offers a promising approach for cancer treatment.