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Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles

Published on: June 25, 2018

A twisted macrocyclic hexanuclear palladium complex with internal bulky coordinating ligands.

Akira Nagai¹, Takashi Nakamura, Tatsuya Nabeshima

¹Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan. nabesima@chem.tsukuba.ac.jp.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|January 12, 2019

Summary

A novel macrocyclic hexanuclear palladium complex was synthesized. This complex adopts a unique twisted conformation when coordinated with bulky pyridine derivatives, showcasing intricate metal coordination within its cavity.

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Area of Science:

Coordination Chemistry
Supramolecular Chemistry
Organometallic Chemistry

Background:

Macrocyclic complexes offer unique structural and functional properties.
Palladium complexes are vital in catalysis and materials science.
Controlling metal coordination within macrocyclic cavities is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel macrocyclic hexanuclear palladium complex.
To investigate the conformational behavior of the complex upon coordination.
To explore the self-assembly of metal centers within a macrocyclic framework.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a macrocyclic ligand.
Coordination of palladium ions to the macrocycle.
Structural characterization using X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of a hexanuclear palladium complex within a macrocyclic cavity.
The complex adopts a uniquely twisted C2-symmetric conformation.
Six bulky pyridine derivatives were observed to coordinate to the palladium centers.

Conclusions:

The macrocyclic framework templated the formation of a hexanuclear palladium cluster.
The bulky pyridine ligands induced a specific, twisted conformation.
This study demonstrates precise control over metal coordination and complex geometry within a macrocycle.