Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro
Published on: June 20, 2018
Importance of tumor budding grade as independent prognostic factor for early tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Yasuhiro Ebihara1, Saori Yoshida2, Mitsuhiko Nakahira1
1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan.
Background:
Factors involved in neck lymph node metastasis (NLM) and prognosis of early tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remain unknown.
Methods:
We analyzed disease-specific survival (DSS) and NLM including tumor budding grade (TBG) among 64 patients with cT1/2N0 tongue SCC.
Results:
Univariate analysis of DSS of primary lesions uncovered significant differences in new cT, pT, new pT, pDiameter, venous infiltration, and TBG. Multivariate analysis selected only TBG3 as a predictor of NLM (odds ratio, 9.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-50.8; P = .008), and a prognostic factor for DSS (hazard ratio, 4.41; 95% CI, 1.34-14.5; P = .02).
Conclusion:
The sole predictor of NLM and the prognosis of early tongue SCC was TBG, indicating that it might help to select overwhelming risk patients.
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