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Updated: Jan 30, 2026
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Neural correlates of effort-based behavioral inconsistency
Javier Bernacer1, Ivan Martinez-Valbuena1, Martin Martinez2
1University of Navarra, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), Mind-Brain Group, Pamplona, Spain.
Summary
This study uses Shannon
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Decision Science
Background:
- Value-based decision making theory posits consistent choices.
- Behavioral inconsistency in decision-making is observed, yet its neural basis is unclear.
- Shannon's entropy quantifies choice variability and difficulty.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the neural correlates of behavioral inconsistency in decision-making using Shannon's entropy.
- To examine how subjective value (SV) and effort costs influence decision consistency.
- To explore the role of the cingulate cortex in value-based choice and inconsistency.
Main Methods:
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on 24 young adults performing a devaluation task.
- Calculation of Shannon's entropy (H) to measure behavioral inconsistency for decision pairs.
- Analysis of behavioral data (response time, preferences) and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals.
Main Results:
- Subjective value (SV) explained preferences only in decisions with low inconsistency.
- Response time positively correlated with entropy (H), indicating choice difficulty.
- The paracingulate cortex showed neural activity correlating with H; posterior cingulate correlated with SV in consistent decisions.
Conclusions:
- Shannon's entropy is a valid measure of choice difficulty and inconsistency.
- The cingulate cortex plays a crucial role in decision inconsistency, subjective value processing, and effort cost evaluation.
- SV's explanatory power diminishes with increasing choice inconsistency.
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