Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
Published on: January 27, 2018
Discriminating authentic Nostoc flagelliforme from its counterfeits by applying alternative ED-XRF and FTIR
Angela Li1, Yun Wei Yat1, Wee Kim Yap1
1Food Safety Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore.
Abstract:
Nostoc flagelliforme is an edible blue-green algae belonging to the Nostocaceae family. It is recognised as a Chinese delicacy in south-eastern Asia and is widely consumed. Due to its high economic value and diminishing supply, as a result of overharvesting, counterfeits have often been found in the retail markets. Methods involving microscopy and histochemistry were conventionally applied to differentiate the authentic N. flagelliforme from its counterfeits. In this paper, we report an alternative analytical approach, using a combination of non-destructive energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, to achieve the objective of authentic N. flagelliforme verification. In view of the scarcity of this Chinese delicacy, such a non-destructive methodology would be ideal to preserve the integrity of the sample and yet provide a means to discriminate between authentic and counterfeit samples.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Alternative RNA Splicing
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
Null and Alternative Hypotheses
The null hypothesis, denoted by H0 is a statement of no difference between the variables—they are not related. This can often be considered the status quo. As a result if you cannot accept the null, it requires some action.
The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha, is a claim about the...
Electric Generator: Alternator
The magnetic flux passing through the coil varies sinusoidally as the loop rotates inside the magnetic field. This...

