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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

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Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

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A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
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DNA methylation and histone post-translational modification stability in post-mortem brain tissue.

Jessica S Jarmasz1, Hannah Stirton2, James R Davie3

  • 1Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Room 674 JBRC - 727 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada.

Clinical Epigenetics
|January 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and histone methylation are stable in post-mortem brain tissue for up to 72 hours. However, histone acetylation levels decline rapidly, especially in neurons, requiring careful control selection for acetylation studies.

Keywords:
AutopsyCortexDNA methylationEpigeneticsHistone acetylationHistone methylationHuman brainMouse brainPig brainPost-mortem delay

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Neurological disorders are often associated with epigenetic modifications.
  • Studying epigenetic features in post-mortem brain tissue requires understanding the stability of these modifications over time.
  • Post-mortem stability is crucial for accurate analysis of epigenetic markers in neurological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the post-mortem stability of various DNA and histone modifications in brain tissue.
  • To determine the influence of post-mortem delay on epigenetic markers.
  • To assess the feasibility of epigenetic studies on human post-mortem brain samples.

Main Methods:

  • Animal models (pig and mouse) and human neocortex tissue were used.
  • Tissue samples were subjected to varying post-mortem delays (0-72 hours) and fixation methods.
  • Epigenetic modifications were analyzed using DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, ELISAs, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • DNA cytosine modifications (5mC, 5hmC, 5fC, 5caC) remained stable for at least 72 hours post-mortem.
  • Histone methylation was generally stable for 48-72 hours post-mortem.
  • Histone acetylation showed decreased stability, declining within 24 hours, particularly in neuronal nuclei.

Conclusions:

  • Global epigenetic studies on post-mortem brain tissue are feasible.
  • DNA methylation and histone methylation are relatively stable post-mortem.
  • Careful consideration of post-mortem delay is essential when studying histone acetylation in post-mortem brain tissue.