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Lower extremity regional anesthesia: essentials of our current understanding
De Q Tran1, Francis V Salinas2, Honorio T Benzon3
1Department of Anesthesiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada de_tran@hotmail.com.
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
|January 13, 2019
Summary
This review updates evidence-based practices for lower extremity nerve blocks using ultrasound guidance. It covers anatomy, techniques, pharmacology, complications, and future research for regional anesthesia.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Anatomy
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Ultrasound guidance has increased interest in lower limb regional anesthesia.
- This article updates the 2005 comprehensive review on lower extremity nerve blocks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an evidence-based update on lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks.
- To summarize anatomy, techniques, pharmacology, and complications.
- To identify research gaps in outcomes of lower limb regional anesthesia.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review.
- Synthesis of evidence on lumbar and sacral plexus anatomy.
- Analysis of optimal approaches and techniques for lower limb blocks.
Main Results:
- Detailed summary of pertinent anatomy.
- Discussion of optimal regional anesthesia techniques.
- Evidence-based guidance on pharmacological agents and adjuvants.
- Description of potential complications.
- Identification of knowledge gaps for future research.
Conclusions:
- Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is a key area of focus.
- A comprehensive understanding of anatomy, technique, and pharmacology is crucial.
- Further research is needed to address outcome-related informational gaps.
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