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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
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Stem Cells Derived from Dental Tissues.

Safa Aydin1, Fikrettin Şahin2

  • 1Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey. safa.aydin@yeditepe.edu.tr.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Dental stem cells offer significant potential for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. These cells possess mesenchymal stem cell characteristics, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties, making them valuable for treating injuries and immune disorders.

Keywords:
Dental stem cellsDental tissuesMesenchymal stem cellsStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • * Regenerative Medicine
  • * Stem Cell Biology
  • * Dental Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • * Stem cells are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration.
  • * Traditionally sourced from bone marrow, new stem cell sources are being explored.
  • * Dental tissues represent a promising, accessible source of stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To highlight the characteristics and potential of dental stem cells.
  • * To explore their applications in regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
  • * To emphasize their immunomodulatory and differentiation capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing literature on dental stem cells.
  • * Analysis of characteristic markers (e.g., Stro-1, CD146) and differentiation potential (myogenic, chondrogenic, etc.).
  • * Evaluation of immunomodulatory features and transfection efficiency.

Main Results:

  • * Dental stem cells exhibit mesenchymal stem cell markers and multilineage differentiation capacity.
  • * They express specific surface antigens (Stro-1, CD146, CD106, CD90, CD73, CD29, CD13) but not hematopoietic markers (CD11b, CD45, CD34).
  • * Dental stem cells possess self-renewal, immunomodulatory, and transfection abilities.

Conclusions:

  • * Dental stem cells are a viable alternative source for stem cell research and therapy.
  • * Their differentiation and immunomodulatory properties make them ideal for regenerative medicine.
  • * They hold promise for treating immune-related disorders and advancing in vitro/in vivo studies.