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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:28

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

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Tubular secretion and reabsorption are two critical processes in the nephron tubule of the kidneys. When the fluid filtered from the glomerulus enters the proximal convoluted tubule, it is referred to as filtrate, and its composition changes due to tubular reabsorption and secretion.
Tubular reabsorption is a selective process that starts when the filtrate enters the proximal tubules. It involves substances traveling through the transcellular route (through the tubule cell and peritubular...
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Reabsorption and Secretion in the PCT01:28

Reabsorption and Secretion in the PCT

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The Proximal Convoluted Tubule, or PCT, plays a pivotal role in the body's filtration system. They are primarily responsible for reabsorbing solutes and water from the filtered fluid produced by the glomeruli. Most of the filtered water, ions, and organic solutes such as glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by the PCT.
Transport mechanisms involving sodium ions (Na+) contribute significantly to solute reabsorption. These mechanisms include symport and antiport processes.
A key example is the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Identification of Orexin and Endocannabinoid Receptors in Adult Zebrafish Using Immunoperoxidase and Immunofluorescence Methods
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Do Endocannabinoids Regulate Glucose Reabsorption in the Kidney?

Liad Hinden1, Joseph Tam2

  • 1Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, liadh@ekmd.huji.ac.il.

Nephron
|January 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic nephropathy involves kidney tubule damage. Targeting the endocannabinoid system and glucose transporter 2 in renal proximal tubule cells offers a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease.

Keywords:
Glucose transporters 2Cannabinoid-1 receptorRenal proximal tubule cellsSodium-dependent glucose cotransporte 2

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Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects 30% of diabetes patients, with tubulopathy being a key pathogenic feature.
  • Renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) are vulnerable to hyperglycemia, but underlying cellular dysfunction remains unclear.
  • Inhibiting glucose transporters (GLUT) in proximal tubules is a potential therapeutic approach for DN.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the endocannabinoid (eCB)/cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) system in diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which the eCB/CB1R system influences glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in RPTCs.
  • To explore novel therapeutic targets for DN.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pharmacological and genetic tools in murine models of diabetes.
  • Investigated the expression, translocation, and activity of GLUT2 in RPTCs.
  • Assessed the impact of eCB/CB1R system modulation on renal function.

Main Results:

  • The eCB/CB1R system significantly contributes to DN development.
  • This system regulates the expression, translocation, and activity of GLUT2 in RPTCs.
  • Blockade of CB1R ameliorated renal dysfunction in diabetic murine models.

Conclusions:

  • The eCB/CB1R system plays a crucial role in DN by modulating GLUT2 in RPTCs.
  • Targeting renal-specific CB1R and/or GLUT2 inhibitors presents a viable therapeutic strategy for DN.
  • Findings support preclinical development of novel treatments for diabetic kidney disease.