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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

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Parental Influences and Child Internalizing Outcomes across Multiple Generations.

Jordan A Booker¹, Nicole N Capriola-Hall², Thomas H Ollendick²

¹Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

Journal of Child and Family Studies

|January 15, 2019

Summary

Grandparenting styles impact future generations. Caring grandparenting can buffer children from anxiety, while over-controlling behaviors may maintain anxiety across generations.

Keywords:

Anxiety Hierarchical Linear Modeling Intergenerational Processes Parental Rearing Phobia

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Intergenerational Studies

Background:

Parenting styles significantly influence child development and mental health.
Intergenerational transmission of anxiety and behavioral patterns is a recognized phenomenon.
Understanding the long-term impact of early family dynamics is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how grandparenting behaviors (caring, over-controlling) predict parental anxiety and rearing.
To examine the influence of parental anxiety and rearing on children's internalizing problems and specific phobia (SP) severity.
To identify intergenerational pathways from grandparents to grandchildren, exploring anxiety risk and buffering mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study of 113 children with SPs and their parents, with data from pre-treatment to 3-year follow-up.
Retrospective assessment of grandparenting behaviors.
Hierarchical linear modeling to analyze intergenerational effects on parent and child outcomes, controlling for Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT).

Main Results:

Grandparenting behaviors indirectly predicted child outcomes through parental anxiety and rearing behaviors.
Over-controlling grandparenting was associated with increased parental anxiety and potentially maintained anxiety in offspring.
Caring grandparenting behaviors were linked to reduced parental anxiety and potentially buffered offspring from anxiety risks.

Conclusions:

Intergenerational transmission of anxiety is influenced by early caregiving and control patterns.
Parental anxiety and rearing behaviors act as mediators in the transmission of anxiety from grandparents to grandchildren.
Promoting supportive grandparenting may offer a protective factor against anxiety development in subsequent generations.