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Incentivizing physical activity using token reinforcement with preschool children.

Rutvi R Patel1, Matthew P Normand1, Carolynn S Kohn1

  • 1University of the Pacific.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Token reinforcement increased physical activity in preschoolers. Contingent token delivery, where tokens are earned for activity, led to more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than baseline or non-contingent conditions.

Keywords:
conditioned reinforcementincentivesphysical activitypreschooltoken reinforcement

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Pediatric Health
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing concern, necessitating effective interventions to promote physical activity.
  • Preschool years are a critical period for establishing healthy habits, including regular physical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of contingent and non-contingent token reinforcement on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in preschool-aged children.
  • To determine if token economies can be a viable strategy for increasing and maintaining MVPA in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Employed single-subject designs across four preschool-aged children.
  • Compared token reinforcement delivered contingent on MVPA versus non-contingent token delivery and baseline (no tokens).

Main Results:

  • Three out of four children showed higher overall MVPA levels and longer activity bouts with contingent token reinforcement compared to baseline.
  • Two out of four children exhibited increased MVPA with contingent tokens compared to non-contingent token delivery.
  • Contingent token delivery effectively increased and maintained MVPA compared to both baseline and non-contingent conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Token reinforcement, specifically when contingent on MVPA, is an effective strategy for increasing physical activity in preschool-aged children.
  • Token economies offer a promising approach to promote MVPA and can be applied to address various behavioral challenges in early childhood.