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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of FAM83A in Cervical Cancer
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of FAM83A in Cervical Cancer

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Cervical cancer.

Paul A Cohen1, Anjua Jhingran2, Ana Oaknin3

  • 1Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, WA, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, WA, Australia.

Lancet (London, England)
|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cervical cancer, a largely preventable disease caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), affects over half a million women annually. Advances in screening, vaccination, and treatment offer improved outcomes, particularly in high-income nations.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cervical cancer impacts over 500,000 women globally each year, with most cases in low-resource settings lacking prevention programs.
  • High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes are the primary cause of cervical cancer, a largely preventable malignancy.
  • Significant reductions in cervical cancer incidence and mortality have been observed in high-income countries due to organized screening programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current landscape of cervical cancer, including its causes, prevention strategies, and treatment modalities.
  • To highlight disparities in cervical cancer outcomes between high-income and low- and middle-income countries.
  • To discuss recent advancements in cervical cancer treatment and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on cervical cancer incidence and mortality worldwide.
  • Analysis of the impact of HPV vaccination and screening programs on disease burden.
  • Summary of current treatment strategies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies.
  • Exploration of novel treatment modalities, such as immunotherapy and targeted agents.

Main Results:

  • Cervical cancer is largely preventable, with HPV vaccination and screening being key interventions.
  • Organized screening programs have dramatically reduced cervical cancer rates in high-income countries.
  • Treatment approaches vary based on disease stage, with fertility-sparing options available for early-stage disease.
  • Advances in radiotherapy and the addition of bevacizumab have improved outcomes for advanced and recurrent disease.
  • Emerging immunotherapies show promise for managing metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Cervical cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited regions.
  • Effective prevention through HPV vaccination and screening is crucial for reducing disease burden.
  • Multimodal treatment strategies, incorporating surgical, radiotherapeutic, and systemic approaches, are essential for managing cervical cancer.
  • Ongoing research into novel therapies like immunotherapy offers hope for improving prognosis in advanced disease stages.