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Infant burns: A single institution retrospective review
C Brink1, Q Isaacs1, M F Scriba1
1Department of Paediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries
|January 15, 2019
Summary
Infant thermal injuries in South Africa are common, often occurring in homes due to scalds. This study highlights the need for specialized care for infants, as surgical treatment led to more complications than conservative management.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Burn Research
- Infant Injury Prevention
- Public Health in South Africa
Background:
- Infant thermal injuries are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in South Africa.
- Poverty and immature infant development contribute to unsafe living conditions and increased burn risks.
- Infants rely heavily on their environment and caregivers for safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the characteristics, causes, and outcomes of thermal injuries in infants admitted to a hospital.
- To identify risk factors and trends in infant burn admissions.
- To inform specialized treatment strategies for this vulnerable pediatric subgroup.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective observational study of 548 infant admissions (under 13 months) over 48 months.
- Data collected on demographics, injury type, Total Body Surface Area (TBSA), environment, and treatment.
- Analysis of complications, infections, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, and mortality rates.
Main Results:
- Infants constituted 23% of pediatric burn admissions (0-12 years).
- Scalds were the predominant injury (86%), primarily occurring in the home environment (76%).
- Surgically treated infants experienced more complications than those managed conservatively; mortality rate was 0.36%.
Conclusions:
- Thermal injuries in infants, particularly scalds, are a major concern in South Africa, often linked to home environments.
- Ambulatory infants (7-12 months) were more common than pre-ambulatory infants (0-6 months).
- Specialized treatment considerations are crucial for infants, as surgical interventions may lead to increased complications compared to conservative approaches.
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