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Dynamic balance during running using running-specific prostheses.

Lauren A Sepp1, Brian S Baum2, Erika Nelson-Wong2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA) exhibit greater whole-body angular momentum during running due to altered ground forces and prosthesis characteristics. Advances in prosthetic design may improve balance control for runners with TTA.

Keywords:
Angular momentumBiomechanicsBody segment coordinationLocomotionTranstibial amputation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Prosthetics and Orthotics

Background:

  • Running offers significant health benefits, with increasing participation among individuals with amputation.
  • Individuals with amputation face higher fall risks, potentially hindering running participation.
  • Understanding dynamic balance mechanisms during running is crucial for addressing this barrier.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare whole-body angular momentum during running in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA) and non-amputee controls.
  • To investigate the influence of ground reaction forces and prosthesis characteristics on dynamic balance in runners with TTA.

Main Methods:

  • Eight individuals with TTA using running-specific prostheses (RSPs) and eight non-amputee controls ran at speeds of 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 m/s.
  • Whole-body angular momentum was quantified using motion capture technology.
  • Ground reaction forces were measured to analyze force generation from the prosthetic and intact limbs.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with TTA demonstrated significantly greater ranges of whole-body angular momentum in the frontal and sagittal planes compared to controls.
  • These differences were linked to reduced peak ground reaction forces from the amputated limb and lower RSP mass.
  • Altered limb and contralateral arm angular momentum patterns were observed in the TTA group.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with TTA maintain dynamic balance during running through compensatory strategies involving altered muscle coordination and prosthesis dynamics.
  • Prosthetic design advancements focusing on restoring mediolateral force generation could enhance frontal plane balance control.
  • Improving balance regulation may reduce fall risk and promote running participation for individuals with TTA.