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Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...
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Miscarriage chromosome testing: Indications, benefits and methodologies.

Dana B McQueen1, Ruth B Lathi2

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|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Genomic testing after miscarriage offers new options like SNP microarray and array CGH, complementing traditional cytogenetics. This review details testing indications and compares these advanced methodologies.

Keywords:
AneuploidyGeneticsMiscarriageRecurrent Pregnancy Loss

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Genomic Medicine

Background:

  • Genomic advancements have increased chromosome testing utilization post-miscarriage.
  • Conventional cytogenetics is a standard method for miscarriage analysis.
  • Newer molecular techniques offer enhanced diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the indications for chromosome testing after miscarriage.
  • To compare the advantages and disadvantages of available testing methodologies.
  • To inform clinicians on the optimal use of genomic testing in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on miscarriage testing.
  • Analysis of conventional cytogenetics.
  • Evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray technology.
  • Assessment of array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH).

Main Results:

  • SNP microarray and array CGH provide higher resolution and detect different types of chromosomal abnormalities compared to conventional cytogenetics.
  • These advanced techniques can identify submicroscopic imbalances and parental origin of anomalies.
  • Each method has specific indications, advantages, and limitations impacting clinical utility.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic testing, including SNP microarray and array CGH, has significantly expanded options for miscarriage analysis.
  • The choice of testing depends on clinical indications, desired information, and laboratory capabilities.
  • Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each method is crucial for accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling.