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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Soundness of Cement01:17

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The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Does bone cement influence soft tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty?

Just A van der Linde1, Anthony K L Leong2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wollongong Hospital, 252 Loftus St & Locked Bag 8808, South Coast Mail Centre, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, St. Antoniusziekenhuis, Soestwetering 1, 3543, AZ, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

The Knee
|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cement fixation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) does not significantly alter compartment pressures. However, it does decrease the pressure difference between knee compartments, leading to more balanced TKAs.

Keywords:
ArthroplastyCementKneePressureReplacementSoft tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Arthroplasty Research

Background:

  • Soft tissue tension critically impacts total knee arthroplasty (TKA) function.
  • Evaluating soft tissue tension differences between trial and cemented components in TKA is essential for optimizing outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively compare soft tissue tension, measured by femorotibial compartment pressures, before and after cement fixation in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Main Methods:

  • Femorotibial compartment pressures were measured in 40 primary TKAs at 10°, 45°, and 90° of flexion before and after cement fixation.
  • The pressure difference between the medial and lateral compartments was calculated at each flexion angle.

Main Results:

  • Median femorotibial pressures showed no significant change post-cement fixation.
  • A statistically significant decrease in the pressure difference between medial and lateral compartments was observed at 10° flexion (P=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Cement fixation in TKA does not significantly alter overall compartment pressures.
  • Cementation increases the proportion of TKAs considered 'balanced' by reducing the medial-lateral compartment pressure differential.